Boundary (topology) - Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boundary_(topology)There are several equivalent definitions for the boundary of a subset of a topological space which will be denoted by or simply if is understood: 1. It is the closure of minus the interior of in : ∂ S := S ¯ ∖ int X S {\displaystyle \partial S~:=~{\overline {S}}\setminus \operatorname {int} _{X}S} where denotes the closure of in and denotes the topological interior of in