Causal Relationship | SpringerLink
link.springer.com › referenceworkentry › 10A causal relationship is when one variable causes a change in another variable. In other words, when an event (the cause) occurs, the second event (the effect) is understood as a consequence of the first. Note that a causal relationship cannot be defined from a joint distribution of observed variables alone, while any correlation (associational) relationship can be defined in terms of the distribution (Pearl 2009 ).