Homogeneous coordinates - Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homogeneous_coordinatesIn mathematics, homogeneous coordinates or projective coordinates, introduced by August Ferdinand Möbius in his 1827 work Der barycentrische Calcul, are a system of coordinates used in projective geometry, as Cartesian coordinates are used in Euclidean geometry. They have the advantage that the coordinates of points, including points at infinity, can be represented using finite coordinates. F…
Transformation matrix - Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformation_matrixThe matrix to rotate an angle θ about any axis defined by unit vector (l,m,n) is To reflect a point through a plane (which goes through the origin), one can use , where is the 3×3 identity matrix and is the three-dimensional unit vector for the vector normal of the plane. If the L2 norm of , , and is unity, the transformation matrix can be expressed as: Note that these are particular cases of a Householder reflectionin two and three dimensions. A refl…
The homogeneous transformation matrix - LaValle
planning.cs.uiuc.edu/node111.htmlThe homogeneous transformation matrix The transformation , for each such that , is ( 3. 56) This can be considered as the 3D counterpart to the 2D transformation matrix, ( 3.52 ). The following four operations are performed in succession: Translate by along the -axis. Rotate counterclockwise by about the -axis. Translate by along the -axis.