Pi - Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PiThe number π (/ p aɪ /; spelled out as "pi") is a mathematical constant, approximately equal to 3.14159.It is defined in Euclidean geometry as the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter, and also has various equivalent definitions.The number appears in many formulas in all areas of mathematics and physics.The earliest known use of the Greek letter π to represent the ratio of …
p-value - Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P-valueComputations of p-values date back to the 1700s, where they were computed for the human sex ratio at birth, and used to compute statistical significance compared to the null hypothesis of equal probability of male and female births. John Arbuthnotstudied this question in 1710, and examined birth records in London for each of the 82 years from 1629 to 1710. In every year, the number …