Interpolation - Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/InterpolationThis table gives some values of an unknown function . Interpolation provides a means of estimating the function at intermediate points, such as . We describe some methods of interpolation, differing in such properties as: accuracy, cost, number of data points needed, and smoothness of the resulting
Comparing interpolation methods—ArcGIS Pro | Documentation
pro.arcgis.com › en › pro-appThe available interpolation methods are listed below. IDW. The IDW (Inverse Distance Weighted) tool uses a method of interpolation that estimates cell values by averaging the values of sample data points in the neighborhood of each processing cell. The closer a point is to the center of the cell being estimated, the more influence, or weight, it has in the averaging process.