Direct effect - Concurrences
https://www.concurrences.com/en/dictionary/direct-effectDirect effect is a concept, which is mainly used in the situations of parallel application of two or more legal systems: national and inter-/supranational or state and federal. Its rationale concerns the question of establishing legally binding and directly enforceable rights and obligations for the individuals vis-à-vis the states (vertical ...
Direct effect | Eurofound
https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/.../direct-effectDirect effect can apply both horizontally and vertically, with the distinction based on against whom the right is being enforced, and the nature of the right itself. Vertical direct effect. Where rights conferred by a directive are violated by the State or by emanations of the State, a citizen can exercise vertical direct effect.
What is Direct Effect? - LawTeacher.net
www.lawteacher.net › what-is-direct-effectJul 16, 2019 · It is the type where a citizen can enforce their rights and sue the state; it is the relationship between the citizen and the state, in this type of the direct effect citizen also could sue any sector that is controlled by the government which provides public services like in the case of Foster v. British Gas plc (Case C-188/89) [1990] ECR I-3313). Second Type Horizontal Direct Effect: